If you want to add placeholder text to a short free text type question, like this:
You can use the following JavaScript in the source view of your question:
[script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"]
$(document).on('ready pjax:scriptcomplete',function(){
$('#question{QID} input:text').attr('placeholder', 'My placeholder text...');
});
[/script]
Be sure to replace [ ] with < > around these two elements:
[script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"]
[/script]